Showing posts with label 1975. Show all posts
Showing posts with label 1975. Show all posts

Wednesday, 4 May 2022

International Reply Coupon

An international reply coupon (IRC) is a coupon that can be exchanged for one or more postage stamps representing the minimum postage for an unregistered priority airmail letter of up to twenty grams sent to another Universal Postal Union (UPU) member country. IRCs are accepted by all UPU member countries.

UPU member postal services are obliged to exchange an IRC for postage, but are not obliged to sell them.

The purpose of the IRC is to allow a person to send someone in another country a letter, along with the cost of postage for a reply. If the addressee is within the same country, there is no need for an IRC because a self-addressed stamped envelope (SASE) or return postcard will suffice; but if the addressee is in another country an IRC removes the necessity of acquiring foreign postage or sending appropriate currency.


History

The IRC was introduced in 1906 at a Universal Postal Union congress in Rome.  First issued on 1st October 1907, an IRC could be exchanged for a single-rate, ordinary postage stamp for surface delivery to a foreign country, as this was before the introduction of airmail services. An IRC is exchangeable in a UPU member country for the minimum postage of a priority or unregistered airmail letter to a foreign country.


Design & Cycle

Since 1906, the appearance of the IRC has changed several times, with 9 different models, 21 different iterations (changes to the basic model) and 5 special anniversary coupons (for the 100th  110th & 115th  anniversaries of the IRC and the 140th &  145th  anniversary of the UPU)


Model 1
1907 – 1929
Rome 
The first IRC design depicted a female figure flying from the Eastern to the Western hemisphere holding a letter and preceded by a small bird.


Model 2
1929 – 1966
London 


The London Congress of 1929 introduced a completely new design (by Franz Helbing) from 1 July 1930, with stylised columns to left and right, all in blue over a pale yellow-brown globe.


Model 3
1966 – 1974
Vienna 

The Vienna Congress of 1964 introduced on 1 January 1966 the third design which was virtually devoid of any ornamentation. The designer was Donald Brun. The circles were one above the other. The yellow security underprint showed (faintly) the main part of the UPU monument (letter-bearing female figures flying around the globe) on the upper one, and the then UPU International Bureau building in the lower. The centre showed a globe (fringed by vertical bars) with a large bird flying upwards.



Model 4
 1975 – 1990
Lousanne 
The Lausanne Convention came into effect on 1 January 1975, and introduced a fourth design. This stretched the centre of Donald Brun’s underprint on the Vienna design to cover the whole coupon. This had simply a text, and a thin framing including date stamp circles in blue on the front, and the yellow colour dominates. The text was only in French (apart from the languages on the back) and the obligation to show a country name or selling price was removed; if either was shown it was in red.

The UPU “logo” of a globe with female figures flying around it appeared in the top-left corner.


Model 5
2002 – 2006
Beijing 


The Beijing Convention, effective from 1 January 2002 5 introduced the most radical changes to IRCs that have occurred since they first appeared. They were doubled in size, to 148x105mm (A6) and printed on stiffer paper that could be processed by machine. The front was lightly printed in blue, with a picture of a girl holding a letter in front of a lake with a mountainous background.


2007 – 2009 
Beijing No2 

2007 – 2009 
Beijing No2 – 100th Anniversary of IRC



Model 6
2009 – 2013 
Nairobi 





Model 7
2014 – 2016
Doha Cycle



2014 
Doha – 140th Anniversary of UPU


Model 8
2017 – 2021 
Istanbul 
Viet Nam emerged victorious from the ten countries participating in the latest competition, held on 7 October 2016 during the UPU Congress for the 2017–2021 period in Istanbul (hence the new IRC name "Istanbul model").

Graphic artist Nguyen Du's design featured a pair of hands and a dove against an Arctic backdrop to represent sustainable development in the postal sector. The image of the yellow stamp on blue represents the future of the Post.


2017 
Istanbul – 110th Anniversary of IRC

2019
Istanbul – 145th Anniversary of UPU




Model 9
2021 – 2025
Abidjan 
The traditional international drawing competition organized to select the illustration of the IRC Abidjan was launched in late 2019 under the theme "Preserve the Ecosystem - Protect the Climate" in reference to the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals 13 and 15. 

Despite the global health situation related to the Covid-19 pandemic, 9 designated operators from UPU member countries participated in the competition.

The drawing represents a tree formed by two hands surrounding the foliage and a group of birds, all placed on the globe symbolizing the ecosystem.

This drawing has a special character because of the young age of the artist, Miss Valeryia Tsimakhavets, who has just celebrated her 15th birthday.


2022
Abidjan – 125th Anniversary of IRC

Reply Coupons of Malaya & Malaysia

Straits Settlements 1826-1946
Federated Malay States 1895-1941
 
 
Malayan Union 
1.4.1946-1.2.1948 
From 1946 to 1948, the eleven Malay states formed a single British Crown Colony known as the Malayan Union.  Due to opposition from Malay nationalists, the Union was disbanded and replaced by the Federation of Malaya, which restored the symbolic positions of the rulers of the Malay states. 

 
Federation of Malaya 
1.2.1948-31.8.1957
Within the Federation, while the Malay states were Protectorates of the United Kingdom, Penang and Malacca remained British colonial territories. Like the Malayan Union before it, the Federation did not include Singapore.
 
The Federation became independent from British colonial rule and became an independent member of the Commonwealth of Nations on 31 August 1957.    The independent Federation now includes Penang and Malacca.


Commonwealth Reply Coupon

IRC - Model 2 
Malaya - 24cents

IRC - Model 2  
Malaya - 30cents


IRC - Model 2 
Federation of Malaya - 40sen



 
 
Malaysia  
16.9.1963- present
In 1963, the Federation was reconstituted as "Malaysia" when it federated with the British territories of Singapore, Sarawak, and North Borneo ( later Sabah ).  Singapore separated from Malaysia to become an independent republic on 9 August 1965.
IRC - Model 3 
Malaysia - 40sen

IRC - Model 3 
Malaysia - 60sen

IRC - Model 4 
Malaysia - M$1.00

IRC - Model 4 
Malaysia - M$1.50

IRC - Model 4
Malaysia - RM2.00


IRC - Model 4 
Malaysia - RM3.00




Sunday, 1 February 2009

Malaysia : Revenue Stamps


1975

$25, $100, $250,

1985

$500, $1000

 

 

1990

 Issue Date  : 01/01/1990
 Designer : Government Printing Department, Kuala Lumpur
 Printer : Government Printing Department, Kuala Lumpur
 Watermark : Unwatermarked
 Perforations   : 12½
Denominations :  10¢, 50¢, $1, $5

 

 

1990

 Issue Date : 02/04/1990
 Designer : Perum Percetakan Uang Republik Indonesia
Perforations   : 13½ x 12½
Denominations :  10¢, 15¢, 50¢, $1, $2, $5

 

 

1990

 Issue Date : 07/1990
Perforations   : 12½
Denominations :  $10, $50, $100. $250

 

 

2009

 Issue Date : 01/02/2009

Denominations :  15sen, 50sen, RM1, RM5, RM10, RM50, RM100, RM250



As of January 1, 2024, Setem Hasil ( Revenue Stamps )  are no longer valid for use. Stamp duty is now paid through the STAMPS (Stamp Assessment and Payment System).


 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Friday, 4 February 2000

Vatican City : St. Peter's Basilica

The Papal Basilica of Saint Peter in the Vatican ( Basilica Papale di San Pietro in Vaticano), or simply Saint Peter's Basilica, is a church of the Italian High Renaissance located in Vatican City.  It was initially planned in the 15th century by Pope Nicholas V and then Pope Julius II to replace the ageing Old St. Peter's Basilica, which was built in the fourth century by Roman emperor Constantine the Great. 

Construction of the present basilica began on 18 April 1506 and was completed on 18 November 1626.
Designed principally by Donato Bramante, Michelangelo, and Carlo Maderno, with piazza and fittings by Gian Lorenzo Bernini, St. Peter's is one of the most renowned works of Italian Renaissance architecture and is the largest church in the world by interior measure. 

Catholic tradition holds that the basilica is the burial site of Saint Peter, chief among Jesus's apostles and also the first Bishop of Rome (Pope). Saint Peter's tomb is directly below the high altar of the basilica, also known as the Altar of the Confession. 

St. Peter's is one of the four churches in the world that hold the rank of Major papal basilica, all four of which are in Rome, and is also one of the Seven Pilgrim Churches of Rome. Contrary to popular misconception, it is not a cathedral because it is not the seat of a bishop; the cathedra of the pope as bishop of Rome is at the Archbasilica of Saint John Lateran.



31 May 1933
St. Peter's Basilica


7 March 1949



21 December 1949


27 October 1959

The Vatican Obelisk is an Egyptian obelisk, one of the thirteen ancient obelisks of Rome, located in St. Peter's Square, in Vatican City. It is the only ancient obelisk in Rome that has never fallen.

Made of red granite, it has a height of 25.3 meters and, together with the cross and the base (composed of four bronze lions, by Prospero Antichi), it reaches almost 40 meters.

It is of Egyptian origin, devoid of hieroglyphs and comes, according to Pliny, from the city of Heliopolis; it was originally placed in the Forum Iulii of Alexandria in Egypt and was brought to Rome by Caligula in 40 AD, and placed at the center of the Circus of Nero. It remained in this position after the circus fell into disuse, occupied by a necropolis. In the 16th century it was moved next to the Old St. Peter's Basilica, at the Rotonda di Sant'Andrea.




22 May 1975 : Mardeno Fountain

The Fountains of St. Peter's Square (Fontane di Piazza San Pietro) are two fountains in St. Peter's Square in Vatican City, created by Carlo Maderno (1612–1614) and Gian Lorenzo Bernini (1667–1677) to ornament the square in front of St. Peter's Basilica. 




16 October 1980

The left side of each stamp depicts a self-portrait of Bernini. A medallion commemorating one of Bernini's great works appears on the right side:
80-lire medallion depicts the Baldacchino in Saint Peter's Basilica. 
170-lire medallion depicts St. Peter's Square with a third wing.
250-lire medallion depicts the bronze chair and a group of Doctors of the Church in St. Peter's Basilica. 
350-lire medallion depicts the royal stairway leading into the Apostolic Palace. 
The originals of both the medallions and self-portrait are preserved in the Vatican Apostolic Library.



11 Nov 1991

In the Catholic Church, the Synod of Bishops, considered as an advisory body for the pope, is one of the ways in which the bishops render cooperative assistance to him in exercising his office. It is described in the 1983 Code of Canon Law as "a group of bishops who have been chosen from different regions of the world and meet at fixed times to foster closer unity between the Roman Pontiff and bishops, to assist the Roman Pontiff with their counsel in the preservation and growth of faith and morals and in the observance and strengthening of ecclesiastical discipline, and to consider questions pertaining to the activity of the Church in the world."




23 March 1993



4 February 2000
St Peter & St. Peter's Basilica








Saturday, 22 September 1979