Malaysia Aerogramme 2000s

 National Stadium

28/2/2000

Putrajaya

27/4/2000

Traditional Dances

16/6/2003

Indonesia 2000-2018 Environmental Care

 

2018

2011

2005

2004

2003

2000

Thailand 2000s New Year "Flowers"

 

2009

2008

2007

2006

2005

2004

2003

2002

2001

2000

Italy : Madonna

9 June 2001

The Madonna di Senigallia is a painting by the Italian Renaissance master Piero della Francesca, finished around 1474. It is housed in the Galleria Nazionale delle Marche, in the Ducal Palace of Urbino.

25 October 2000

Madonna in a Rose-Garden (Madonna del Roseto) is a glazed terracota by Luca della Robbia, an Italian Renaissance sculptor from Florence.  Currently in Museo Nazionale del Bargello, Florence

8 August 2000

Madonna col Bambino is an tempera on wood by Carlo Crivelli, finished in 1489.  Displayed in Francesco Podesti Civic Art Gallery.

10 Nov 1983

The Sistine Madonna, also called the Madonna di San Sisto, is a oil painting by the Italian artist Raphael. The painting was commissioned in 1512 by Pope Julius II for the church of San Sisto, Piacenza, and probably executed c. 1513–1514. The canvas was one of the last Madonnas painted by Raphael.

10 Nov 1983

The Madonna della Seggiola or The Madonna della Sedia is an oil on panel Madonna painting by the Italian Renaissance artist Raphael, executed c. 1513–1514, and housed at the Palazzo Pitti Collection in Florence, Italy. 

20 Oct 1966

Madonna Enthroned, also known as the Ognissanti Madonna or Madonna Ognissanti, is a painting in tempera on wood panel by the Italian late medieval artist Giotto di Bondone, now in the Uffizi Gallery of Florence, Italy.

Israel 2000 The Aleppo Codex

 

The Aleppo Codex is the earliest known manuscript comprising the full text of the Bible.  In all probability, it is also the most authoritative, accurate and sacred source document, both for the biblical text and for its vocalization, cantillation and “Massorah”.  As such it has achieved a position of pre-eminence among Hebraic and Judaic manuscripts and has greater religious and scholarly import than any other manuscript of the Bible.  The Codex was copies by the scribe Shlomo Ben-Buya’a over one thousand years ago.  The text was then verified, vocalized and provided with the “Massorah”” by Aaron Ben-Asher the last and most prominent member of the Ben-Asher dynasty, which shaped the Hebrew “textus receptus” of the Bible.  A time-honored tradition invests the Codex with a unique aura of authority, reverence and Holiness.  The tradition maintains that this was the manuscript consulted by Maimonides when he set down the exact rules for writing scrolls of the Torah (Deduced from his comment: “I used it as a basis for the copy of the “Sefer Torah” which I wrote according to the Law” (Mishneh Torah, Book II, “Ahavah, Hilkhot Sefer Torah, viii, 4).

 

 Recent research bears out the traditional account of the manuscript’s origins and establishes the likelihood that Maimonides indeed sanctified and codified everything that he found in the Aleppo Codex for future generations.  Furthermore it is widely believed that the Codex represents the first complete manuscript of the Bible ever written.  This explains why it is termed a “crown” and elucidates the adage that “crowns are holier to the people than are Scrolls of the Law”.

 

^The Codex was written in Eretz Israel in the early tenth century, looted and transferred to Egypt at the end of the eleventh century and deposited with the Aleppo community at the end of the fourteenth century, perhaps by the great-great-great grandson of Maimonides.

 

The rabbis and elders of the community guarded it jealously for some six hundred years.  During the riots against Jews and Jewish property in Aleppo in December 1947, which followed in the wake of the United Nations’ resolution to establish a Jewish state in Palestine, the community’s ancient synagogue was put to the torch and the Codex, which was kept in the synagogue’s “Cave of Elijah”, suffered damage.

 

Members of the community managed to save most of it and concealed the salvaged sections for about ten years in several hiding places.  In 1957, two elders of the community entrusted the surviving portions of the Codex in the hands of Mordechai Faham, who smuggled it out of Syria into Turkey.

 

On January 23, 1958, the Aleppo Codex was brought to Jerusalem and entrusted to President Ben-Zvi.

 

Unfortunately, the manuscript in our possession today contains no more than 295 of the original 487 leaves.  Only the last six chapters of the Pentatech have survived.

 

The manuscript was entrusted to the Ben-Zvi Institute and is exhibited in the Shrine of the Book at the Israel Museum in Jerusalem.

 

 

 

 

The stamp shows an open book.  The words “Keter Aram Zova” written in the same lettering as in the original Codex are emphasized on the stamp.  Characters that appear at the beginning of each chapter of the Bible as well as characters and letters from the Massorrah can be found on the stamp, its tab and on the first day cover.

 

A sketch of the east wing of the Aleppo Great Synagogue is depicted on the top left side of the stamp.  Underneath are names of people connected with the Codex: Shlomo Ben-Buya’s, Aron Ben-Asher, Rambam and names of places where the Codex was written and discovered: Tiberias, Haleb and Jerusalem.

 

An illustration of the reader’s desk (tebah) in the Aleppo Great Synagogue in Syria is shown on the first day cover.  The illustration is taken from the Jewish traveler’s diary “Casale Pilgrim”, Italy, 16th century in which is written, “in Aleppo there is a large and beautiful synagogue”.  The diary is housed in the University of Leeds, Brotherton Library, Cecil Roth Collection.

Thailand 2000 Flowers

 

15 Nov 2000

16 Jul 2000

25 Feb 2000

1 Jan 2000

Indonesia 2000 Regional Costumes

 

Yogyakarta

The traditional costume of Yogyakarta reflects strong Javanese royal culture and values of elegance, harmony, and respect. A key element of the costume is batik, which usually features dark, earthy colors such as brown, black, indigo, and white, with classic patterns like Parang and Kawung that were historically associated with the royal family. 

Men typically wear a beskap jacket, a jarik batik cloth wrapped around the waist, and a blangkon headpiece, often accompanied by a keris during formal occasions. 

Women usually wear a kebaya blouse paired with a batik jarik, with their hair styled in a traditional sanggul bun. 

These costumes are commonly worn during cultural ceremonies, weddings, palace events, and traditional performances in Yogyakarta.

Brunei 2000 Flowers

 

Israel 2000 Israeli Food

 
 

Dishes play a dominant role in our lives by virtue of the childhood memories they evoke and represent.  Collective culinary memories as the meet and mix over the years, interweaving with other cultures, form the cuisine of a nation, a cuisine that represents a culture.
 
Israeli cuisine is today a great bubbling pot mixing ancient cultures with new, and dishes that originate from all over the world are served at the same table.  More and more Israeli homes have a mixed cuisine that contains dishes from different cultures.
 
This tendency may, amongst others, be the result of more inter-cultural openness, inter-marriages as well as the industrial ability and economic prosperity that enable the manufacture of a variety of dishes, which become easily accessible.
 

Couscous

The dish originates from the Berber tribes.  North African immigrants introduced couscous to Israel during the 1950’s.
 
It was a traditional Friday night dish.  Preparation of the couscous grains made of semolina and water entails great skill and effort.  Couscous has many and varied versions:  It usually comprises of a meat (or chicken) soup with vegetables and chickpeas, which is poured over the steamed couscous grains.
 
Ingredients:  semolina, water, meat or chicken, marrow bones, pumpkin, onion, turnip, cabbage, carrot, chickpeas, hot red pepper, black pepper, salt, fat.

 
 
 

Gefilte Fish (Stuffed Carp)

This dish received its name – Gefilte (stuffed) Fish – because of the tradition of stuffing fish slices.  Bread was added to increase the size of the portions.  Today the stuffing has become the dish.  Its origins lie in the Middle Age Germany.  The carp was adopted by Jews in Poland and other countries.  Gefilte Fish is served as a hors d’oevre at Sabbath and holiday meals.  In the past the live fish would be bought during the second half of the week and kept in the bath until time for cooking.

 
Ingredients: carp fish, dry challah (Sabbath bread), onion, garlic, carrot, eggs, sugar, back pepper and salt.

 
 

Falafel

Falafel, a very old dish, originated from the Copt sect in ancient Egypt.  Following the establishment of the State of Israel, it became a very popular dish by all of the country’s varied populations.  Falafel is sold at street stands, served in pita bread, tehina sauce, salad and pickles are added to the falafel balls.  Falafel has become popular, not only in Israel, but the entire Western world, being easily available, cheap, satisfying and eaten while standing.
 
 Ingredients:  chickpeas, onion, garlic, parsley, coriander, red hot peppers, salt, cumin, black pepper, baking powder, bi-carbonate of soda.
 
Description of the stamps: Couscous and a special pot for preparing couscous;Gefilte fish and grinder;
 
Falafel and instrument for preparing falafel balls.

LONDON 2000 Stamp Show